而 ér
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conjunction
and; as well as; but (not); yet (not)
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Coordination 并列
Notes: 而 is commonly used to join adjectives, adjective phrases, or verbs; in the sense of 和 or 与 (Guoyu '而' conj 1; Rouzer 2007, p. 13) -
noun
Kangxi radical 126
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Radicals
Notes: (ABC back cover; GHC p. 7; Guoyu '而' n 2) -
pronoun
you
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Personal Pronoun 人称代词
Notes: 而 was used as the singular second person pronoun 你 in Literary Chinese (Guoyu '而' pronoun 1; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 77). -
conjunction
not only ... but also ....; ... as well as ...; moreover; in addition; furthermore
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 而且 in this sense, expressing a connecting relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 2) -
conjunction
right away; then
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 就 or 才 in this sense, expressing a sequentional relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 3) -
conjunction
but; yet; however; while; nevertheless
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 但是 in this sense, expressing a contrasting relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 6) -
conjunction
if; in case; in the event that
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 如果 in this sense, expressing hypothesis or conjecture in Literary Chinese. It is comparatively rare in this sense (Guoyu '而' conj 4; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 150). -
conjunction
therefore; as a result; thus
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 因而 or 所以 in this sense, expressing cause and effect (Guoyu '而' conj 5) -
conjunction
how can it be that?
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 难道 or 岂 in this sense, expressing doubt in a rhetorical question (Guoyu '而' conj 7) -
particle
so as to
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 以 in this sense (Guoyu '而' prep 2) -
adverb
only then
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 才 (Guoyu '而' adv 1) -
verb
as if; to seem like
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 好像 or 犹 in this sense (Guoyu '而' adv 2) -
verb
can; able
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: In the sense of 能 or 可以 (Guoyu '而' v 2) -
noun
whiskers on the cheeks; sideburns
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: (Guoyu '而' n 1) -
pronoun
me
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Personal Pronoun 人称代词
Notes: 而 was used as the singular first person pronoun 我 in Literary Chinese (Guoyu '而' pronoun 2) -
verb
to arrive; up to
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 至 or 到 (Guoyu '而' v 1) -
preposition
possessive
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 之 or 的 (Guoyu '而' prep. 1) -
conjunction
and; ca
Domain: Buddhism 佛教
Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: ca, Japanese: ji, or: ni (BCSD '而', p. 953; Dhammajoti 2013, p. 6; Karashima 2010, p. 161; MW 'ca'; Unihan '而')
Contained in
- 为僧伽问政而不干治进一解(為僧伽問政而不干治進一解) Forwarding an Explanation for the Sangha Asking after Government without Interfering in Governance
- 有人为父母故而行作恶(有人為父母故而行作惡) a certain person, for the sake of his mother & father, does what is unrighteous
- 而无所入(而無所入) has not entered anything
- 于七佛说法人中而得第一(於七佛說法人中而得第一) the foremost among the preachers of the law under the seven Tathâgatas
- 有何因缘而造此论(有何因緣而造此論) What are the reasons for composing this treatise?
Also contained in
三思而后行 、 下而上 、 良禽择木而栖 、 计日而待 、 拾级而上 、 拂袖而去 、 从一而终 、 过而能改，善莫大焉 、 斩而不奏 、 不速而至 、 富而无骄 、 无一事而不学，无一时而不学，无一处而不得 、 倾巢而出 、 取而代之 、 侃侃而谈 、 而且 、 树欲静而风不止 、 结伴而行 、 以失败而告终 、 一发而不可收 、 不谋而合 、 抵足而卧 、 有百利而无一害 、 浅而易见 、 华而不实 、 自下而上 、 一概而论 、 拍案而起 、 爱之而弗仁 、 勉力而为 、 继而 、 利而诱之 、 概而不论 、 死而后已 、 而后 、 甚而至于 、 无疾而终 、 栉比而居 、 先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐 、 瓢泼而下 、 兼而有之 、 合而为一 、 欲速而不达 、 有百害而无一利 、 合于利而动 、 同舟而济
Word is mentioned most frequently in
Truncated for common words
- Scroll 1 Shijia Pu 釋迦譜 — count: 505
- Scroll 9 Hong Zhi Chan Shi Guang Lu 宏智禪師廣錄 — count: 457
- Scroll 14 Guang Hong Ming Ji 廣弘明集 — count: 426 , has English translation
- Scroll 29 Guang Hong Ming Ji 廣弘明集 — count: 411 , has English translation
- Scroll 1 Zhao Lun 肇論 — count: 351 , has English translation
- Scroll 2 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 四分律行事鈔資持記 — count: 310
- Scroll 3 Shi Shi Ji Gu Lue 釋氏稽古略 — count: 306
- Scroll 375 The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 大般若波羅蜜多經 — count: 293 , has parallel version
- Scroll 3 New Commentary on the Zhao Lun 肇論新疏 — count: 278
- Scroll 1 Defining the Image - Measurements in Image-Making (Fo Shuo Zaoxiang Liangdu Jing Jie) 佛說造像量度經解 — count: 275 , has English translation , has parallel version