而 ér néng
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conjunction
and / as well as / but (not) / yet (not)
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词 , Concept: Coordination 并列
Notes: 而 is commonly used to join adjectives, adjective phrases, or verbs; in the sense of 和 or 与 (Guoyu '而' conj 1; Rouzer 2007, p. 13) -
noun
Kangxi radical 126
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Radicals 部首
Notes: (ABC back cover; GHC p. 7; Guoyu '而' n 2) -
pronoun
you
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词 , Concept: Personal Pronoun 人称代词
Notes: 而 was used as the singular second person pronoun 你 in Literary Chinese (Guoyu '而' pronoun 1; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 77). -
conjunction
not only ... but also .... / ... as well as ... / moreover / in addition / furthermore
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词 , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 而且 in this sense, expressing a connecting relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 2) -
conjunction
right away / then
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 就 or 才 in this sense, expressing a sequentional relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 3) -
conjunction
but / yet / however / while / nevertheless
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词 , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 但是 in this sense, expressing a contrasting relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 6) -
conjunction
if / in case / in the event that
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词 , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 如果 in this sense, expressing hypothesis or conjecture in Literary Chinese. It is comparatively rare in this sense (Guoyu '而' conj 4; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 150). -
conjunction
therefore / as a result / thus
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词 , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 因而 or 所以 in this sense, expressing cause and effect (Guoyu '而' conj 5) -
conjunction
how can it be that?
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 难道 or 岂 in this sense, expressing doubt in a rhetorical question (Guoyu '而' conj 7) -
particle
so as to
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 以 in this sense (Guoyu '而' prep 2) -
adverb
only then
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 才 (Guoyu '而' adv 1) -
verb
as if / to seem like
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 好像 or 犹 in this sense (Guoyu '而' adv 2) -
verb
can / able
Domain: Literary Chinesee 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词
Notes: In the sense of 能 or 可以 (Guoyu '而' v 2) -
noun
whiskers on the cheeks / sideburns
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: (Guoyu '而' n 1) -
pronoun
me
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词 , Concept: Personal Pronoun 人称代词
Notes: 而 was used as the singular first person pronoun 我 in Literary Chinese (Guoyu '而' pronoun 2) -
verb
to arrive / up to
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 至 or 到 (Guoyu '而' v 1) -
preposition
possessive
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 之 or 的 (Guoyu '而' prep. 1)
Contained in
- 宁持戒而舍生命不破戒法而苟活(寧持戒而捨生命，不破戒法而苟活) who would rather give their lives to keep the precepts than to live an ignoble life by breaking them
Also contained in
而立 、 三十而立 、 而且 、 然而 、 反而 、 从而 、 进而 、 因而 、 不是_而是_ 、 显而易见 、 总而言之 、 半途而废 、 不辞而别 、 不言而喻 、 而后 、 而已 、 敬而远之 、 可想而知 、 时而 、 似是而非 、 形而上学 、 一概而论 、 一哄而散 、 尽力而为 、 应运而生 、 不期而遇 、 而是 、 脱颖而出 、 油然而生 、 死而后已 、 置之死地而后生 、 分而治之 、 取而代之 、 依山而建 、 席地而坐 、 垂足而坐 、 不谋而合 、 幸而 、 安坐而食 、 不劳而获 、 继而 、 不约而同 、 适可而止 、 自然而然 、 计日而待 、 而患不均 、 计日而俟 、 观机而动 、 巴而朮阿而忒的斤 、 周而复始
Word is mentioned most frequently in
Truncated for common words
- Scroll 1 Shijia Pu 《釋迦譜》 — count: 507
- Scroll 9 Hong Zhi Chan Shi Guang Lu 《宏智禪師廣錄》 — count: 458
- Scroll 14 Guang Hong Ming Ji 《廣弘明集》 — count: 426
- Scroll 29 Guang Hong Ming Ji 《廣弘明集》 — count: 411
- Scroll 1 Zhao Lun 《肇論》 — count: 351
- Scroll 2 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 《四分律行事鈔資持記》 — count: 310
- Scroll 3 Shi Shi Ji Gu Lue 《釋氏稽古略》 — count: 305
- Scroll 375 The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 《大般若波羅蜜多經》 — count: 293
- Scroll 3 New Commentary on the Zhao Lun 《肇論新疏》 — count: 278
- Scroll 1 Tan Jin Wenji 《鐔津文集》 — count: 276