而 ér
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conjunction
and; as well as; but (not); yet (not)
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Coordination 并列
Notes: 而 is commonly used to join adjectives, adjective phrases, or verbs; in the sense of 和 or 与 (Guoyu '而' conj 1; Rouzer 2007, p. 13) -
noun
Kangxi radical 126
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Radicals
Notes: (ABC back cover; GHC p. 7; Guoyu '而' n 2) -
pronoun
you
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Personal Pronoun 人称代词
Notes: 而 was used as the singular second person pronoun 你 in Literary Chinese (Guoyu '而' pronoun 1; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 77). -
conjunction
not only ... but also ....; ... as well as ...; moreover; in addition; furthermore
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 而且 in this sense, expressing a connecting relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 2) -
conjunction
right away; then
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 就 or 才 in this sense, expressing a sequentional relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 3) -
conjunction
but; yet; however; while; nevertheless
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 但是 in this sense, expressing a contrasting relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 6) -
conjunction
if; in case; in the event that
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 如果 in this sense, expressing hypothesis or conjecture in Literary Chinese. It is comparatively rare in this sense (Guoyu '而' conj 4; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 150). -
conjunction
therefore; as a result; thus
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 因而 or 所以 in this sense, expressing cause and effect (Guoyu '而' conj 5) -
conjunction
how can it be that?
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 难道 or 岂 in this sense, expressing doubt in a rhetorical question (Guoyu '而' conj 7) -
particle
so as to
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 以 in this sense (Guoyu '而' prep 2) -
adverb
only then
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 才 (Guoyu '而' adv 1) -
verb
as if; to seem like
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 好像 or 犹 in this sense (Guoyu '而' adv 2) -
verb
can; able
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: In the sense of 能 or 可以 (Guoyu '而' v 2) -
noun
whiskers on the cheeks; sideburns
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: (Guoyu '而' n 1) -
pronoun
me
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Personal Pronoun 人称代词
Notes: 而 was used as the singular first person pronoun 我 in Literary Chinese (Guoyu '而' pronoun 2) -
verb
to arrive; up to
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 至 or 到 (Guoyu '而' v 1) -
preposition
possessive
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 之 or 的 (Guoyu '而' prep. 1) -
conjunction
and; ca
Domain: Buddhism 佛教
Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: ca, Japanese: ji, or: ni (BCSD '而', p. 953; Dhammajoti 2013, p. 6; Karashima 2010, p. 161; MW 'ca'; Unihan '而')
Contained in
- 敷座而坐 sat down on the seat arranged for him
- 亦非自我而独专(亦非自我而獨專) nor do I have any skill in composition
- 悟之而登妙觉(悟之而登妙覺) awaken to this and realize enlightenment
- 于七佛说法人中而得第一(於七佛說法人中而得第一) the foremost among the preachers of the law under the seven Tathâgatas
- 因灭而果生(因滅而果生) the effect, being produced when the cause is extinguished
- 非缘中而出(非緣中而出) come forth from nonconditions?
Also contained in
铩羽而归 、 呼啸而过 、 过而能改，善莫大焉 、 比较而言 、 继而 、 心有余而力不足 、 曲肱而枕 、 威而不失 、 落荒而逃 、 一炮而红 、 先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐 、 危而不持 、 食言而肥 、 待价而沽 、 幸而 、 言而有信 、 一扫而空 、 一跃而起 、 破门而入 、 富而不骄 、 铤而走险 、 脱颖而出 、 富而无骄 、 说说而已 、 崛地而起 、 全身而退 、 节用而爱人 、 一发而不可收 、 简而言之 、 一饮而尽 、 富而好礼 、 比肩而事 、 概而不论 、 假而 、 比肩而立 、 而是 、 相视而笑 、 守一而终 、 投袂而起 、 慕名而来 、 满载而归 、 贵阳而贱阴 、 无一事而不学，无一时而不学，无一处而不得 、 择地而蹈 、 依山而建
Word is mentioned most frequently in
Truncated for common words
- Scroll 1 Shijia Pu 釋迦譜 — count: 505
- Scroll 9 Hong Zhi Chan Shi Guang Lu 宏智禪師廣錄 — count: 457
- Scroll 14 Guang Hong Ming Ji 廣弘明集 — count: 426 , has English translation
- Scroll 29 Guang Hong Ming Ji 廣弘明集 — count: 411 , has English translation
- Scroll 1 Zhao Lun 肇論 — count: 351 , has English translation
- Scroll 2 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 四分律行事鈔資持記 — count: 310
- Scroll 3 Shi Shi Ji Gu Lue 釋氏稽古略 — count: 306
- Scroll 375 The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 大般若波羅蜜多經 — count: 293 , has parallel version
- Scroll 3 New Commentary on the Zhao Lun 肇論新疏 — count: 278
- Scroll 1 Tan Jin Wenji 鐔津文集 — count: 275