不 bù
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bù
adverb
not; no
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Negation 否定
Notes: 不 is used for simple negation, as opposed to 没, which is used for existence. 不 is used before adjectives, adverbs, and verbs, except 有 (Li Shaoqi, 2003, p. 26; Ho 2002, '不'; NCCED '不' 1). For example, 不知道是怎回事 '[He] did not he did not know how that was possible.' (Lao She, 2003, p. 207) This use is similar in both modern and literary Chinese (Pulleyblank 1995, p. 103). For example, in literary Chinese, 不可,直不百步耳,是亦走也。'They should not do so. Though they did not run a hundred paces, yet they also ran away.' (Meng 1.3/1/26, translation by Legge) The tone is changed to bú when 不 is followed by a syllable with fourth tone, in accordance with tone sandhi 变调. For example, 不去 bú qù 'will not go' (Sun 2006, loc. 545). 不 is the sixth most frequently used word in the Beijing Language Institute's 1985 frequency wordlist (Ho 2002, '不'). -
bù
adverb
expresses that a certain condition cannot be acheived
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Negation 否定
Notes: In this pattern 不 is used after a verb to form a complement (Li Shaoqi, 2003, p. 27; NCCED '不' 7) For example, 洗不掉 'could not be washed away.' (Lao She, 2003, p. 211). -
bù
adverb
as a correlative
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Spoken Language
Notes: Used to form as a correlative with 就 in the pattern 不 ... 就 (NCCED '不' 9)... -
bù
adverb
no (answering a question)
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 不 can be used independently to answer a preceding question (Li Shaoqi, 2003, p. 26; NCCED '不' 5). -
bù
adverb
forms a negative adjective from a noun
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Negation 否定
Notes: For example, 不运气 'unlucky' (NCCED '不' 4) -
bù
adverb
at the end of a sentence to form a question
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Spoken Language
Notes: In this form 不 is used at the end of the sentence to turn it into a question (NCCED '不' 6). -
bù
adverb
to form a yes or no question
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Spoken Language
Notes: In this form 不 is used to offer an alternative as part of a question (NCCED '不' 8). For example, 商量商量好不好? 'Can we talk about it?' (Lao She, 2003, p. 216) -
bù
infix
infix potential marker
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Negation 否定
Notes: 不 is one of the two infixes in Chinese, the other being 得 'can'. For example, 看不见 'cannot see' (Sun 2006, loc. 728). -
bù
adverb
no; na
Domain: Buddhism 佛教
Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: na, Japanese: fu, or: bu, or: futsu, or: hi; this is also represented with the Sanskrit prefixes a- and an- (BCSD '不', p. 33; Dhammajoti 2013, p. 7; MW 'na'; SH '不', p. 103; Unihan '不')
Contained in
- 轮迴不绝(輪迴不絕) uninterupted cycles
- 青山明月不见老 茅舍白云任去来(青山明月不見老 茅舍白雲任去來) Bright moon and green mountains: never age; White clouds and a thatched hut: come and go freely.
- 不必定入定入印经(不必定入定入印經) Niyatāniyatagatimudrāvatārasūtra; Bubi Ding Dingzhi Ru Yin Jing
- 修证不二(修證不二) nonduality between cultivation and realization
- 菩萨摩诃萨有十种不坏信(菩薩摩訶薩有十種不壞信) Great bodhisattvas have ten kinds of unbreakable faith.
- 俱品一分转不定(俱品一分轉不定) uncertainty of a reason applicable in some dissimilar and some similar cases
- 永不退 forever not to regress
- 依法不依人 rely on the Dharma
- 永不退票 No Returns ; Never go back on our promises
Also contained in
不信用 、 不亦 、 守正不阿 、 面露不悦 、 岂不 、 莫不 、 不求人 、 百年不遇 、 不争 、 不能得地之利 、 认识不能 、 毫不留情 、 薰莸不同器 、 兵马不动,粮草先行 、 挨不上 、 不厌求详 、 不得劲 、 败不成军 、 有苦说不出 、 恭敬不如从命 、 不亚于 、 坚忍不拔 、 不分胜负 、 一动不动 、 敢怒而不敢言 、 不惟 、 这不 、 不待 、 魂不附体 、 食古不化 、 可遇不可求 、 百战不殆 、 大人不记小人过 、 且不说 、 不安 、 不问青红皂白 、 远水救不了近火 、 处变不惊 、 不完全叶 、 水土不服 、 瞧不出 、 滴水不羼
Word is mentioned most frequently in
Truncated for common words
- Scroll 2 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 四分律行事鈔資持記 — count: 1392
- Scroll 2 Si Fen Lu Shan Fan Bu Que Xingshi Chao 四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 — count: 1156
- Scroll 1 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 四分律行事鈔資持記 — count: 1154
- Scroll 18 The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 大般若波羅蜜多經 — count: 850 , has parallel version
- Scroll 22 The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 大般若波羅蜜多經 — count: 850 , has parallel version
- Scroll 21 The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 大般若波羅蜜多經 — count: 850 , has parallel version
- Scroll 20 The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 大般若波羅蜜多經 — count: 850 , has parallel version
- Scroll 407 The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 大般若波羅蜜多經 — count: 846 , has parallel version
- Scroll 1 Si Fen Lu Shan Fan Bu Que Xingshi Chao 四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 — count: 773
- Scroll 174 The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 大般若波羅蜜多經 — count: 770 , has parallel version