上 shàng
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noun
top; a high position
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
Notes: 上 is the 14th most frequently used word in the Beijing Language Institute's 1985 frequency wordlist (Ho 2002, '上' 2; NCCED '上' shàng 1). -
noun
top; the position on or above something
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
Notes: In this sense, 上 usually follows a noun to indicate the position on top of or attached to the object referred to by the noun (Ho 2002, '上' 2; NCCED '上' shang noun). For example, 树枝上 'on tree branches ...' (Lao She, 2003, p. 236) -
verb
to go up; to go forward
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Concept: Direction 方向
Notes: For example, 猫上了树 'a cat climbed up a tree.' (XHN 2015-11-02) (NCCED '上' shàng 7, 8; Ho 2002, '上' 5) -
foreign
shang
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Foreign Language
Notes: Used for the sound in mantras and Sanskrit names -
adjective
previous; last
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Time
Notes: (NCCED '上' shàng 5; Ho 2002, '上' 8) For example, 上个月 'last month' (VOA, 2015-12-23) and 上周五 'last Friday.' (VOA 2015-07-25) -
adjective
high; higher
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
Notes: (NCCED '上' shàng 2; Ho 2002, '上' 1) -
adjective
advanced
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Comparison
Notes: Synonymous with 上级 in this sense (NCCED '上' shàng 4) -
adjective
a monarch; a sovereign
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Comparison
Notes: Synonymous with 君主 in this sense (NCCED '上' shàng 3) -
noun
time
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Time
Notes: Synonymous with 时间 in this sense -
verb
to do something; to do something at a set time; to go to
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Time
Notes: For example, 上班 'go to work' or 上学 'go to school' (NCCED '上' shàng 11; Ho 2002, '上' 7) -
adjective
far
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: Synonymous with 远 in this sense -
verb
big; as big as
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: (NCCED '上' shàng 12) -
adjective
abundant; plentiful
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: Synonymous with 丰足 in this sense -
verb
to report
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: Synonymous with 上报 or 呈报 in this sense (NCCED '上' shàng 9) -
verb
to offer
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: Synonymous with 进献 or 送上 in this sense -
verb
to go on stage
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Drama
Notes: (NCCED '上' shàng 13) -
verb
to take office; to assume a post
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
Notes: Synonymous with 就职 in this sense -
verb
to install; to erect
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
Notes: Synonymous with 安装 in this sense -
verb
to suffer; to sustain
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
Notes: Synonymous with 陷入 or 遭受 in this sense -
verb
to burn
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
Notes: Synonymous with 上火 in this sense -
verb
to remember
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
Notes: Synonymous with 上心 in this sense -
preposition
on; in
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: (Ho 2002, '上' 3) -
adverb
upward
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: (NCCED '上' shàng 10) -
verb
to add
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: (NCCED '上' shàng 14) -
verb
to fix; to install; to apply (powder, makeup, etc)
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
Notes: (NCCED '上' shàng 16) -
verb
to meet
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
Notes: (NCCED '上' shàng 16) -
noun
falling then rising (4th) tone
Domain: Linguistics 语言学
Notes: (NCCED '上' shàng 26) -
verb
used after a verb indicating a result
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: (NCCED '上' shang verb) For example, 一切的路都封上了 'all the roads were closed' (Lao She, 2003, p. 175) and 加上 'to add on.' (VOA, 2015-07-25) -
noun
a musical note
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Music
Notes: (NCCED '上' shàng 26) -
adjective
higher, superior; uttara
Domain: Buddhism 佛教
Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: uttara, or: śreṣṭha, Japanese: jou, or: shou, Tibetan: bla ma (BCSD '上', p. 7; Dhammajoti 2013, p. 9; Mahāvyutpatti 'uttaraḥ'; MW 'uttara'; SH '上', p. 55; Unihan '上')
Contained in
- 观弥勒上生经(觀彌勒上生經) Sutra on Maitreya's Previous Lives
- 阿吒婆拘鬼神大将上佛陀罗尼神呪经(阿吒婆拘鬼神大將上佛陀羅尼神呪經) Spirit Commander Atavaka makes an Offering to the Buddha Dharani Sacred Spell Sutra; A Zha Po Ju Guishen Da Jiang Shang Fotuo Luo Ni Shen Zhou Jing
- 海上清风来 山间明月照(海上清風來 山間明月照) On ocean waves flow soothing breezes, Between the mountains shines the moon.
- 采花违王上佛授决号妙花经(採花違王上佛授決號妙花經) The King’s Flower Pickers Receive a Prediction from the Buddha; Cai Hua Wei Wang Shang Fo Shou Jue Hao Miao Hua Jing
- 吉星明月归天上 白云春风在眼前(吉星明月歸天上 白雲春風在眼前) Auspicious stars and the bright moon belong in the sky; White clouds and spring breezes are found before your eyes.
- 恒河上优婆夷会(恒河上優婆夷會) Gaṅgottaraparipṛcchā; Shanshun Pusa Hui
- 佛说最上根本大乐金刚不空三昧大教王经(佛說最上根本大樂金剛不空三昧大教王經) Śriparamādhyamantrākalpakhaṇḍa
- 志开上人(志開上人) Venerable Master Zhi Kai
- 花前月下景色美 天上人间喜乐多(花前月下景色美 天上人間喜樂多) Flowers and moonlight, a beautiful view; Heaven and Earth, all places of joy.
- 缘缘增上缘(緣緣增上緣) immediately preceding condition, and the decisive factor
- 地上 above the ground
- 欲穷千里目 更上一层楼(欲窮千里目 更上一層樓) Transcend the limits of the clairvoyant eye; Climb yet another layer of the pagoda.
- 集诸法宝最上义论(集諸法寶最上義論) Ji Zhu Fabao Zuishang Yi Lun
Also contained in
上万 、 淮上 、 半以上 、 上梁不正下梁歪 、 上等 、 山上区 、 下而上 、 上龙 、 发上冲冠 、 好好学习，天天向上 、 拾级而上 、 上午 、 锦上添花 、 水上芭蕾 、 上半晌 、 右上 、 上西天 、 同上 、 雪上加霜 、 当上 、 事实上 、 上镜 、 上次 、 街上 、 上肢 、 赶上 、 包子有肉不在褶上 、 上呼吸道感染 、 上来 、 上旬 、 上天 、 穿上 、 上海白菜 、 上清派 、 上覆 、 说不上 、 蹬鼻子上脸 、 瞒上欺下
Word is mentioned most frequently in
Truncated for common words
- Scroll 1 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 四分律行事鈔資持記 — count: 759
- Scroll 2 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 四分律行事鈔資持記 — count: 685
- Scroll 3 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 四分律行事鈔資持記 — count: 461
- Scroll 1 Miscellaneous Mantras Sutra (Zhongzhong Za Zhou Jing) 種種雜呪經 — count: 326
- Scroll 20 Record of Buddhist Teachings Compiled During the Kaiyuan Era 開元釋教錄 — count: 292
- Scroll 4 Kuśalamūlasamparigraha (Fo Shuo Hua Shou Jing) 佛說華手經 — count: 262
- Scroll 2 Si Fen Lu Shan Fan Bu Que Xingshi Chao 四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 — count: 256
- Scroll 62 The Sounds and Meanings of all the Terms in the Canonical Texts 一切經音義 — count: 252
- Scroll 7 Dharanisamgraha Sutra (Collected Dharanis Sutra) 陀羅尼集經 — count: 234 , has English translation
- Scroll 39 The Sounds and Meanings of all the Terms in the Canonical Texts 一切經音義 — count: 226
Collocations
- 上中 (上中) 上中下善 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 2 — count: 18
- 座上 (座上) 即於座上成阿耨多羅三藐三菩提 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 1 — count: 10
- 讲堂上 (講堂上) 忉利諸天所以集法講堂上者 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 5 — count: 8
- 忉利天上 (忉利天上) 梵童子於忉利天上說此正法 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 5 — count: 7
- 殿上 (殿上) 昇高殿上 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 3 — count: 7
- 上坐 (上坐) 往堂上坐 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 2 — count: 7
- 上虚空 (上虛空) 金輪寶在宮門上虛空中住 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 3 — count: 7
- 梵天上 (梵天上) 生梵天上 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 15 — count: 7
- 上漏 (上漏) 上漏為患 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 1 — count: 6
- 上远尘离垢 (上遠塵離垢) 八萬四千人即於座上遠塵離垢 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 1 — count: 6