而 ér
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conjunction
and; as well as; but (not); yet (not)
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Coordination 并列
Notes: 而 is commonly used to join adjectives, adjective phrases, or verbs; in the sense of 和 or 与 (Guoyu '而' conj 1; Rouzer 2007, p. 13) -
noun
Kangxi radical 126
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Radicals
Notes: (ABC back cover; GHC p. 7; Guoyu '而' n 2) -
pronoun
you
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Personal Pronoun 人称代词
Notes: 而 was used as the singular second person pronoun 你 in Literary Chinese (Guoyu '而' pronoun 1; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 77). -
conjunction
not only ... but also ....; ... as well as ...; moreover; in addition; furthermore
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 而且 in this sense, expressing a connecting relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 2) -
conjunction
right away; then
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 就 or 才 in this sense, expressing a sequentional relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 3) -
conjunction
but; yet; however; while; nevertheless
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 但是 in this sense, expressing a contrasting relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 6) -
conjunction
if; in case; in the event that
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 如果 in this sense, expressing hypothesis or conjecture in Literary Chinese. It is comparatively rare in this sense (Guoyu '而' conj 4; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 150). -
conjunction
therefore; as a result; thus
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 因而 or 所以 in this sense, expressing cause and effect (Guoyu '而' conj 5) -
conjunction
how can it be that?
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 难道 or 岂 in this sense, expressing doubt in a rhetorical question (Guoyu '而' conj 7) -
particle
so as to
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 以 in this sense (Guoyu '而' prep 2) -
adverb
only then
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 才 (Guoyu '而' adv 1) -
verb
as if; to seem like
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 好像 or 犹 in this sense (Guoyu '而' adv 2) -
verb
can; able
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: In the sense of 能 or 可以 (Guoyu '而' v 2) -
noun
whiskers on the cheeks; sideburns
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: (Guoyu '而' n 1) -
pronoun
me
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Personal Pronoun 人称代词
Notes: 而 was used as the singular first person pronoun 我 in Literary Chinese (Guoyu '而' pronoun 2) -
verb
to arrive; up to
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 至 or 到 (Guoyu '而' v 1) -
preposition
possessive
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 之 or 的 (Guoyu '而' prep. 1) -
conjunction
and; ca
Domain: Buddhism 佛教
Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: ca, Japanese: ji, or: ni (BCSD '而', p. 953; Dhammajoti 2013, p. 6; Karashima 2010, p. 161; MW 'ca'; Unihan '而')
Contained in
- 雨天华而以供养(雨天華而以供養) rained celestial flowers as an offering
- 三十二相而自庄严(三十二相而自莊嚴) adorned with the thirty-two characteristics of a great man
- 和而不流 Peaceful Coexistence Without Going with the Flow
- 勇而寡略 brave but little attentive to military plans
- 宁持戒而舍生命，不破戒法而苟活(寧持戒而捨生命，不破戒法而苟活) who would rather give their lives to keep the precepts than to live an ignoble life by breaking them
- 1. 佛光人在生活上要随遇而安 2. 佛光人在修行上要随心增上 3. 佛光人在社会上要随缘不变 4. 佛光人在处事上要随喜结缘(1. 佛光人在生活上要隨遇而安 2. 佛光人在修行上要隨心增上 3. 佛光人在社會上要隨緣不變 4. 佛光人在處事上要隨喜結緣) 1. Fo Guang members should remain at ease under whatever circumstances in life. 2. Fo Guang members should follow the heart in progressing along the path of cultivation. 3. Fo Guang members should remain unchanging while following conditions in society. 4. Fo Guang members develop good affinities joyfully under all conditions.
- 芭蕉不实而生实(芭蕉不實而生實) Just as a plantain tree decays upon losing its fruit
- 因灭而果生(因滅而果生) the effect, being produced when the cause is extinguished
Also contained in
满载而归 、 千里马常有，而伯乐不常有 、 食言而肥 、 学而不厌，诲人不倦 、 勇而无谋 、 然而 、 可望而不可即 、 反而 、 席地而坐 、 乐而不淫 、 因孕而婚 、 择主而事 、 置之死地而后生 、 不翼而飞 、 潜心而勉学 、 堂而皇之 、 不谋而合 、 不得已而为之 、 脱颖而出 、 周而不比 、 不辞而别 、 背道而驰 、 三十而立 、 王顾左右而言他 、 渐渍而不骤 、 周而复始 、 而今 、 兼而有之 、 退而求其次 、 得而复失 、 守一而终 、 戛然而止 、 应运而生 、 不期而遇 、 贫而无谄 、 仁义而理 、 不胫而走 、 冲口而出 、 扑面而来 、 有百利而无一害 、 从天而降 、 不动而变 、 咄嗟而办
Word is mentioned most frequently in
Truncated for common words
- Scroll 1 Shijia Pu 釋迦譜 — count: 505
- Scroll 9 Hong Zhi Chan Shi Guang Lu 宏智禪師廣錄 — count: 457
- Scroll 14 Guang Hong Ming Ji 廣弘明集 — count: 426 , has English translation
- Scroll 29 Guang Hong Ming Ji 廣弘明集 — count: 411 , has English translation
- Scroll 1 Zhao Lun 肇論 — count: 351 , has English translation
- Scroll 2 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 四分律行事鈔資持記 — count: 310
- Scroll 3 Shi Shi Ji Gu Lue 釋氏稽古略 — count: 306
- Scroll 375 The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 大般若波羅蜜多經 — count: 293 , has parallel version
- Scroll 3 New Commentary on the Zhao Lun 肇論新疏 — count: 278
- Scroll 1 Defining the Image - Measurements in Image-Making (Fo Shuo Zaoxiang Liangdu Jing Jie) 佛說造像量度經解 — count: 275 , has English translation , has parallel version