而 ér
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conjunction
and; as well as; but (not); yet (not)
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Coordination 并列
Notes: 而 is commonly used to join adjectives, adjective phrases, or verbs; in the sense of 和 or 与 (Guoyu '而' conj 1; Rouzer 2007, p. 13) -
noun
Kangxi radical 126
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Radicals
Notes: (ABC back cover; GHC p. 7; Guoyu '而' n 2) -
pronoun
you
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Personal Pronoun 人称代词
Notes: 而 was used as the singular second person pronoun 你 in Literary Chinese (Guoyu '而' pronoun 1; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 77). -
conjunction
not only ... but also ....; ... as well as ...; moreover; in addition; furthermore
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 而且 in this sense, expressing a connecting relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 2) -
conjunction
right away; then
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 就 or 才 in this sense, expressing a sequentional relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 3) -
conjunction
but; yet; however; while; nevertheless
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 但是 in this sense, expressing a contrasting relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 6) -
conjunction
if; in case; in the event that
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 如果 in this sense, expressing hypothesis or conjecture in Literary Chinese. It is comparatively rare in this sense (Guoyu '而' conj 4; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 150). -
conjunction
therefore; as a result; thus
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 因而 or 所以 in this sense, expressing cause and effect (Guoyu '而' conj 5) -
conjunction
how can it be that?
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 难道 or 岂 in this sense, expressing doubt in a rhetorical question (Guoyu '而' conj 7) -
particle
so as to
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 以 in this sense (Guoyu '而' prep 2) -
adverb
only then
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 才 (Guoyu '而' adv 1) -
verb
as if; to seem like
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 好像 or 犹 in this sense (Guoyu '而' adv 2) -
verb
can; able
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: In the sense of 能 or 可以 (Guoyu '而' v 2) -
noun
whiskers on the cheeks; sideburns
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: (Guoyu '而' n 1) -
pronoun
me
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Personal Pronoun 人称代词
Notes: 而 was used as the singular first person pronoun 我 in Literary Chinese (Guoyu '而' pronoun 2) -
verb
to arrive; up to
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 至 or 到 (Guoyu '而' v 1) -
preposition
possessive
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 之 or 的 (Guoyu '而' prep. 1)
Contained in
- 哑撇释该而(啞撇釋該而) abhiseka; consecrate by sprinkling
- 人间有爱，为公益而唱(人間有愛，為公益而唱) Love In the Human World, Singing for Charity Concert
- 有人为父母故而行作恶(有人為父母故而行作惡) a certain person, for the sake of his mother & father, does what is unrighteous
Also contained in
悬而未决 、 涸泽而渔 、 无功而返 、 量力而行 、 得而复失 、 怒而挠之 、 敬而远之 、 偶而 、 因孕而婚 、 不寒而栗 、 堂而皇之 、 树欲静而风不止 、 大而无当 、 全身而退 、 未可同日而语 、 扬长而去 、 而言 、 不约而同 、 见难而上 、 放之四海而皆准 、 乘虚而入 、 一蹴而得 、 抵足而卧 、 不得而知 、 无一事而不学，无一时而不学，无一处而不得 、 人而无信，不知其可 、 我专而敌分 、 傍户而立 、 戛然而止 、 周而复始 、 疾驰而过 、 视而不见 、 听而不闻 、 计日而俟 、 夺门而出 、 敬鬼神而远之 、 谑而不虐 、 鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已 、 临渊羡鱼，不如退而结网 、 自上而下 、 置之死地而后生 、 牵一发而动全身 、 一闪而过 、 铤而走险 、 不辞而别 、 一概而言 、 泽地而蹈 、 坐而论道
Word is mentioned most frequently in
Truncated for common words
- Scroll 1 Shijia Pu 釋迦譜 — count: 506
- Scroll 9 Hong Zhi Chan Shi Guang Lu 宏智禪師廣錄 — count: 457
- Scroll 14 Guang Hong Ming Ji 廣弘明集 — count: 426
- Scroll 29 Guang Hong Ming Ji 廣弘明集 — count: 411
- Scroll 1 Zhao Lun 肇論 — count: 351 , has English translation
- Scroll 2 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 四分律行事鈔資持記 — count: 310
- Scroll 3 Shi Shi Ji Gu Lue 釋氏稽古略 — count: 306
- Scroll 375 The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 大般若波羅蜜多經 — count: 293 , has parallel version
- Scroll 3 New Commentary on the Zhao Lun 肇論新疏 — count: 278
- Scroll 1 Tan Jin Wenji 鐔津文集 — count: 275