而 ér
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conjunction
and; as well as; but (not); yet (not)
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Coordination 并列
Notes: 而 is commonly used to join adjectives, adjective phrases, or verbs; in the sense of 和 or 与 (Guoyu '而' conj 1; Rouzer 2007, p. 13) -
noun
Kangxi radical 126
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Radicals
Notes: (ABC back cover; GHC p. 7; Guoyu '而' n 2) -
pronoun
you
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Personal Pronoun 人称代词
Notes: 而 was used as the singular second person pronoun 你 in Literary Chinese (Guoyu '而' pronoun 1; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 77). -
conjunction
not only ... but also ....; ... as well as ...; moreover; in addition; furthermore
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 而且 in this sense, expressing a connecting relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 2) -
conjunction
right away; then
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 就 or 才 in this sense, expressing a sequentional relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 3) -
conjunction
but; yet; however; while; nevertheless
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 但是 in this sense, expressing a contrasting relationship (Guoyu '而' conj 6) -
conjunction
if; in case; in the event that
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 如果 in this sense, expressing hypothesis or conjecture in Literary Chinese. It is comparatively rare in this sense (Guoyu '而' conj 4; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 150). -
conjunction
therefore; as a result; thus
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Correlative 关联词
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 因而 or 所以 in this sense, expressing cause and effect (Guoyu '而' conj 5) -
conjunction
how can it be that?
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 难道 or 岂 in this sense, expressing doubt in a rhetorical question (Guoyu '而' conj 7) -
particle
so as to
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 以 in this sense (Guoyu '而' prep 2) -
adverb
only then
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 才 (Guoyu '而' adv 1) -
verb
as if; to seem like
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: 而 is synonymous with 好像 or 犹 in this sense (Guoyu '而' adv 2) -
verb
can; able
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words
Notes: In the sense of 能 or 可以 (Guoyu '而' v 2) -
noun
whiskers on the cheeks; sideburns
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: (Guoyu '而' n 1) -
pronoun
me
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文 , Subdomain: Function Words , Concept: Personal Pronoun 人称代词
Notes: 而 was used as the singular first person pronoun 我 in Literary Chinese (Guoyu '而' pronoun 2) -
verb
to arrive; up to
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 至 or 到 (Guoyu '而' v 1) -
preposition
possessive
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In the sense of 之 or 的 (Guoyu '而' prep. 1)
Contained in
- 三十二相而自庄严(三十二相而自莊嚴) adorned with the thirty-two characteristics of a great man
- 宁持戒而舍生命，不破戒法而苟活(寧持戒而捨生命，不破戒法而苟活) who would rather give their lives to keep the precepts than to live an ignoble life by breaking them
- 和而不流 Peaceful Coexistence Without Going with the Flow
- 在欲而无欲 居尘不染尘(在欲而無欲 居塵不染塵) In the face of desire, remain desireless; In a house of dust, stay dust-free.
Also contained in
乘虚而入 、 崛地而起 、 简而言之 、 千里马常有，而伯乐不常有 、 不谋而合 、 哀而不伤 、 择主而事 、 百足之虫死而不僵 、 望而却步 、 总而言之 、 而是 、 空手而归 、 拍案而起 、 脱颖而出 、 合而为一 、 敬鬼神而远之 、 望而生畏 、 席地而坐 、 富而不骄 、 反脣而相稽 、 死而不僵 、 及锋而试 、 拂袖而去 、 鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已 、 相机而动 、 无疾而终 、 厉目而视 、 等而下之 、 来而不往非礼也 、 可想而知 、 人而无信，不知其可 、 一带而过 、 翩然而至 、 翘足而待 、 而后 、 抵足而卧 、 爱之而弗仁 、 谑而不虐 、 良禽择木而栖 、 露齿而笑 、 同舟而济 、 死而后已 、 而患不均 、 大而化之 、 巴而朮阿而忒的斤 、 弦而鼓之 、 席地而睡
Word is mentioned most frequently in
Truncated for common words
- Scroll 1 Shijia Pu 釋迦譜 — count: 506
- Scroll 9 Hong Zhi Chan Shi Guang Lu 宏智禪師廣錄 — count: 457
- Scroll 14 Guang Hong Ming Ji 廣弘明集 — count: 426 , has English translation
- Scroll 29 Guang Hong Ming Ji 廣弘明集 — count: 411 , has English translation
- Scroll 1 Zhao Lun 肇論 — count: 351 , has English translation
- Scroll 2 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 四分律行事鈔資持記 — count: 310
- Scroll 3 Shi Shi Ji Gu Lue 釋氏稽古略 — count: 306
- Scroll 375 The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 大般若波羅蜜多經 — count: 293 , has parallel version
- Scroll 3 New Commentary on the Zhao Lun 肇論新疏 — count: 278
- Scroll 1 Tan Jin Wenji 鐔津文集 — count: 275