Glossary and Vocabulary for The Large Sūtra on Perfection of Wisdom 大般若波羅蜜多經, Scroll 162

Corpus Vocabulary Analysis

Contents

  1. Frequencies of Lexical Words
  2. Frequencies of all Words
  3. Keywords
  4. Proper Nouns

Frequencies of Lexical Words

Rank Frequency Chinese Pinyin English Example Usage
1 164 自性 zìxìng Self-Nature 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
2 164 自性 zìxìng intrinsic nature; original nature; essential nature; svabhava 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
3 164 自性 zìxìng primordial matter; nature; prakṛti 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
4 136 jiè border; boundary 不應觀耳界若常若無常
5 136 jiè kingdom 不應觀耳界若常若無常
6 136 jiè territory; region 不應觀耳界若常若無常
7 136 jiè the world 不應觀耳界若常若無常
8 136 jiè scope; extent 不應觀耳界若常若無常
9 136 jiè erathem; stratigraphic unit 不應觀耳界若常若無常
10 136 jiè to divide; to define a boundary 不應觀耳界若常若無常
11 136 jiè to adjoin 不應觀耳界若常若無常
12 136 jiè dhatu; realm; field; domain 不應觀耳界若常若無常
13 132 chù to touch; to feel
14 132 chù to butt; to ram; to gore
15 132 chù touch; contact; sparśa
16 132 chù tangible; spraṣṭavya
17 128 不可得 bù kě dé cannot be obtained 一切菩薩摩訶薩行不可得
18 128 不可得 bù kě dé unobtainable 一切菩薩摩訶薩行不可得
19 128 不可得 bù kě dé unattainable 一切菩薩摩訶薩行不可得
20 128 布施波羅蜜多 bùshī bōluómìduō dāna-pāramitā; the paramita of generosity 善女人等說無所得布施波羅蜜多名說真正布施波羅蜜多
21 108 xiū to decorate; to embellish 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
22 108 xiū to study; to cultivate 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
23 108 xiū to repair 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
24 108 xiū long; slender 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
25 108 xiū to write; to compile 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
26 108 xiū to build; to construct; to shape 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
27 108 xiū to practice 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
28 108 xiū to cut 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
29 108 xiū virtuous; wholesome 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
30 108 xiū a virtuous person 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
31 108 xiū Xiu 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
32 108 xiū to unknot 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
33 108 xiū to prepare; to put in order 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
34 108 xiū excellent 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
35 108 xiū to perform [a ceremony] 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
36 108 xiū Cultivation 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
37 108 xiū bhāvanā / spiritual cultivation 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
38 108 xiū pratipanna; spiritual practice 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
39 100 shòu to suffer; to be subjected to 不應觀受
40 100 shòu to transfer; to confer 不應觀受
41 100 shòu to receive; to accept 不應觀受
42 100 shòu to tolerate 不應觀受
43 100 shòu feelings; sensations 不應觀受
44 98 wéi to act as; to serve 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
45 98 wéi to change into; to become 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
46 98 wéi to be; is 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
47 98 wéi to do 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
48 98 wèi to support; to help 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
49 98 wéi to govern 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
50 98 wèi to be; bhū 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
51 92 Yi 彼常無常亦不可得
52 80 所生 suǒ shēng parents 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
53 80 所生 suǒ shēng to give borth to 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
54 80 所生 suǒ shēng to beget 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
55 80 yuán fate; predestined affinity 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
56 80 yuán hem 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
57 80 yuán to revolve around 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
58 80 yuán to climb up 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
59 80 yuán cause; origin; reason 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
60 80 yuán along; to follow 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
61 80 yuán to depend on 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
62 80 yuán margin; edge; rim 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
63 80 yuán Condition 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
64 80 yuán conditions; pratyaya; paccaya 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
65 72 nose
66 72 Kangxi radical 209
67 72 to smell
68 72 a grommet; an eyelet
69 72 to make a hole in an animal's nose
70 72 a handle
71 72 cape; promontory
72 72 first
73 72 nose; ghrāṇa
74 72 shé tongue
75 72 shé Kangxi radical 135
76 72 shé a tongue-shaped object
77 72 shé tongue; jihva
78 72 ěr ear 不應觀耳
79 72 ěr Kangxi radical 128 不應觀耳
80 72 ěr an ear-shaped object 不應觀耳
81 72 ěr on both sides 不應觀耳
82 72 ěr a vessel handle 不應觀耳
83 72 ěr ear; śrotra 不應觀耳
84 72 Ru River 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
85 72 Ru 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
86 71 děng et cetera; and so on 善女人等
87 71 děng to wait 善女人等
88 71 děng to be equal 善女人等
89 71 děng degree; level 善女人等
90 71 děng to compare 善女人等
91 71 děng same; equal; sama 善女人等
92 64 應觀 yīng guān may observe 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
93 64 自性空 zìxìng kōng The Intrinsically Empty Nature 一切菩薩摩訶薩行一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性空
94 64 自性空 zìxìng kōng emptiness of self-nature 一切菩薩摩訶薩行一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性空
95 64 自性空 zìxìng kōng svabhāva-śūnya; empty intrinsic nature 一切菩薩摩訶薩行一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性空
96 64 infix potential marker 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
97 55 善男子 shàn nánzi good men 若善男子
98 55 善男子 shàn nánzi a good man; a son of a noble family 若善男子
99 52 yǎn eye 不應觀眼處若常若無常
100 52 yǎn eyeball 不應觀眼處若常若無常
101 52 yǎn sight 不應觀眼處若常若無常
102 52 yǎn the present moment 不應觀眼處若常若無常
103 52 yǎn an opening; a small hole 不應觀眼處若常若無常
104 52 yǎn a trap 不應觀眼處若常若無常
105 52 yǎn insight 不應觀眼處若常若無常
106 52 yǎn a salitent point 不應觀眼處若常若無常
107 52 yǎn a beat with no accent 不應觀眼處若常若無常
108 52 yǎn to look; to glance 不應觀眼處若常若無常
109 52 yǎn to see proof 不應觀眼處若常若無常
110 52 yǎn eye; cakṣus 不應觀眼處若常若無常
111 52 to give 何況有彼常與無常
112 52 to accompany 何況有彼常與無常
113 52 to particate in 何況有彼常與無常
114 52 of the same kind 何況有彼常與無常
115 52 to help 何況有彼常與無常
116 52 for 何況有彼常與無常
117 45 zuò to do 作如是言
118 45 zuò to act as; to serve as 作如是言
119 45 zuò to start 作如是言
120 45 zuò a writing; a work 作如是言
121 45 zuò to dress as; to be disguised as 作如是言
122 45 zuō to create; to make 作如是言
123 45 zuō a workshop 作如是言
124 45 zuō to write; to compose 作如是言
125 45 zuò to rise 作如是言
126 45 zuò to be aroused 作如是言
127 45 zuò activity; action; undertaking 作如是言
128 45 zuò to regard as 作如是言
129 45 zuò action; kāraṇa 作如是言
130 45 如是 rúshì of such a form; evaṃrūpa 作如是言
131 44 淨戒 jìngjiè Pure Precepts 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
132 44 淨戒 jìngjiè perfect observance 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
133 44 淨戒 jìngjiè Jing Jie 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
134 41 self 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
135 41 [my] dear 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
136 41 Wo 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
137 41 self; atman; attan 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
138 41 ga 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
139 41 happy; glad; cheerful; joyful 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
140 41 to take joy in; to be happy; to be cheerful 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
141 41 Le 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
142 41 yuè music 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
143 41 yuè a musical instrument 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
144 41 yuè tone [of voice]; expression 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
145 41 yuè a musician 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
146 41 joy; pleasure 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
147 41 yuè the Book of Music 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
148 41 lào Lao 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
149 41 to laugh 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
150 41 Joy 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
151 41 joy; delight; sukhā 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
152 41 jìng clean 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
153 41 jìng no surplus; net 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
154 41 jìng pure 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
155 41 jìng tranquil 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
156 41 jìng cold 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
157 41 jìng to wash; to clense 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
158 41 jìng role of hero 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
159 41 jìng to remove sexual desire 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
160 41 jìng bright and clean; luminous 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
161 41 jìng clean; pure 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
162 41 jìng cleanse 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
163 41 jìng cleanse 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
164 41 jìng Pure 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
165 41 jìng vyavadāna; purification; cleansing 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
166 41 jìng śuddha; cleansed; clean; pure 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
167 41 jìng viśuddhi; purity 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
168 41 cháng Chang 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
169 41 cháng common; general; ordinary 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
170 41 cháng a principle; a rule 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
171 41 cháng eternal; nitya 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
172 41 無我 wúwǒ non-self 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
173 41 無我 wúwǒ non-self; anātman; anattā 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
174 41 無常 wúcháng irregular 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
175 41 無常 wúcháng changing frequently 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
176 41 無常 wúcháng impermanence 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
177 41 無常 wúcháng impermanence; anitya; anicca 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
178 41 bitterness; bitter flavor 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
179 41 hardship; suffering 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
180 41 to make things difficult for 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
181 41 to train; to practice 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
182 41 to suffer from a misfortune 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
183 41 bitter 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
184 41 grieved; facing hardship 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
185 41 in low spirits; depressed 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
186 41 painful 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
187 41 suffering; duḥkha; dukkha 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
188 41 不淨 bù jìng Impurity; dirty; filthy 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
189 40 shēng sound 不應觀聲
190 40 shēng sheng 不應觀聲
191 40 shēng voice 不應觀聲
192 40 shēng music 不應觀聲
193 40 shēng language 不應觀聲
194 40 shēng fame; reputation; honor 不應觀聲
195 40 shēng a message 不應觀聲
196 40 shēng a consonant 不應觀聲
197 40 shēng a tone 不應觀聲
198 40 shēng to announce 不應觀聲
199 40 shēng sound 不應觀聲
200 40 wèi taste; flavor
201 40 wèi significance
202 40 wèi to taste
203 40 wèi to ruminate; to mull over
204 40 wèi smell; odor
205 40 wèi a delicacy
206 40 wèi taste; rasa
207 40 xíng to walk 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
208 40 xíng capable; competent 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
209 40 háng profession 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
210 40 xíng Kangxi radical 144 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
211 40 xíng to travel 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
212 40 xìng actions; conduct 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
213 40 xíng to do; to act; to practice 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
214 40 xíng all right; OK; okay 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
215 40 háng horizontal line 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
216 40 héng virtuous deeds 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
217 40 hàng a line of trees 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
218 40 hàng bold; steadfast 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
219 40 xíng to move 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
220 40 xíng to put into effect; to implement 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
221 40 xíng travel 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
222 40 xíng to circulate 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
223 40 xíng running script; running script 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
224 40 xíng temporary 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
225 40 háng rank; order 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
226 40 háng a business; a shop 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
227 40 xíng to depart; to leave 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
228 40 xíng to experience 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
229 40 xíng path; way 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
230 40 xíng xing; ballad 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
231 40 xíng Xing 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
232 40 xíng Practice 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
233 40 xìng mental formations; samskara; sankhara; volition; habitual actions 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
234 40 xíng practice; carita; carya; conduct; behavior 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
235 37 yán to speak; to say; said 作如是言
236 37 yán language; talk; words; utterance; speech 作如是言
237 37 yán Kangxi radical 149 作如是言
238 37 yán phrase; sentence 作如是言
239 37 yán a word; a syllable 作如是言
240 37 yán a theory; a doctrine 作如是言
241 37 yán to regard as 作如是言
242 37 yán to act as 作如是言
243 37 yán word; vacana 作如是言
244 37 yán speak; vad 作如是言
245 36 若非 ruò fēi were it not for; if not for 若非自性即是淨戒波羅蜜多
246 36 can; may; permissible 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
247 36 to approve; to permit 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
248 36 to be worth 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
249 36 to suit; to fit 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
250 36 khan 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
251 36 to recover 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
252 36 to act as 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
253 36 to be worth; to deserve 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
254 36 used to add emphasis 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
255 36 beautiful 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
256 36 Ke 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
257 36 can; may; śakta 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
258 36 即非 jí fēi although it is not the case that ... 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
259 36 to obtain; to get; to gain; to attain; to win 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
260 36 děi to want to; to need to 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
261 36 děi must; ought to 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
262 36 de 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
263 36 de infix potential marker 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
264 36 to result in 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
265 36 to be proper; to fit; to suit 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
266 36 to be satisfied 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
267 36 to be finished 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
268 36 děi satisfying 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
269 36 to contract 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
270 36 to hear 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
271 36 to have; there is 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
272 36 marks time passed 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
273 36 obtain; attain; prāpta 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
274 36 波羅蜜多 bōluómìduō paramita; perfection 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
275 36 yìng to answer; to respond 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
276 36 yìng to confirm; to verify 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
277 36 yìng to be worthy of; to correspond to; suitable 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
278 36 yìng to accept 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
279 36 yìng to permit; to allow 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
280 36 yìng to echo 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
281 36 yìng to handle; to deal with 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
282 36 yìng Ying 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
283 36 to go; to 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
284 36 to rely on; to depend on 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
285 36 Yu 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
286 36 a crow 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
287 36 所以者何 suǒ yǐ zhě hé Why is that? 所以者何
288 36 néng can; able 汝若能修如是淨戒
289 36 néng ability; capacity 汝若能修如是淨戒
290 36 néng a mythical bear-like beast 汝若能修如是淨戒
291 36 néng energy 汝若能修如是淨戒
292 36 néng function; use 汝若能修如是淨戒
293 36 néng talent 汝若能修如是淨戒
294 36 néng expert at 汝若能修如是淨戒
295 36 néng to be in harmony 汝若能修如是淨戒
296 36 néng to tend to; to care for 汝若能修如是淨戒
297 36 néng to reach; to arrive at 汝若能修如是淨戒
298 36 néng to be able; śak 汝若能修如是淨戒
299 36 néng skilful; pravīṇa 汝若能修如是淨戒
300 36 zhōng middle 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
301 36 zhōng medium; medium sized 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
302 36 zhōng China 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
303 36 zhòng to hit the mark 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
304 36 zhōng midday 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
305 36 zhōng inside 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
306 36 zhōng during 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
307 36 zhōng Zhong 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
308 36 zhōng intermediary 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
309 36 zhōng half 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
310 36 zhòng to reach; to attain 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
311 36 zhòng to suffer; to infect 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
312 36 zhòng to obtain 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
313 36 zhòng to pass an exam 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
314 36 zhōng middle 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
315 32 to reach 眼識界及眼觸
316 32 to attain 眼識界及眼觸
317 32 to understand 眼識界及眼觸
318 32 able to be compared to; to catch up with 眼識界及眼觸
319 32 to be involved with; to associate with 眼識界及眼觸
320 32 passing of a feudal title from elder to younger brother 眼識界及眼觸
321 32 and; ca; api 眼識界及眼觸
322 28 fēi Kangxi radical 175 識自性亦非自性
323 28 fēi wrong; bad; untruthful 識自性亦非自性
324 28 fēi different 識自性亦非自性
325 28 fēi to not be; to not have 識自性亦非自性
326 28 fēi to violate; to be contrary to 識自性亦非自性
327 28 fēi Africa 識自性亦非自性
328 28 fēi to slander 識自性亦非自性
329 28 fěi to avoid 識自性亦非自性
330 28 fēi must 識自性亦非自性
331 28 fēi an error 識自性亦非自性
332 28 fēi a problem; a question 識自性亦非自性
333 28 fēi evil 識自性亦非自性
334 28 to go back; to return 復作是言
335 28 to resume; to restart 復作是言
336 28 to do in detail 復作是言
337 28 to restore 復作是言
338 28 to respond; to reply to 復作是言
339 28 Fu; Return 復作是言
340 28 to retaliate; to reciprocate 復作是言
341 28 to avoid forced labor or tax 復作是言
342 28 Fu 復作是言
343 28 doubled; to overlapping; folded 復作是言
344 28 a lined garment with doubled thickness 復作是言
345 28 布施 bùshī generosity 汝若能修如是布施
346 28 布施 bùshī dana; giving; generosity 汝若能修如是布施
347 24 諸佛 zhū fó Buddhas; all Buddhas 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
348 24 color 不應觀色若常若無常
349 24 form; matter 不應觀色若常若無常
350 24 shǎi dice 不應觀色若常若無常
351 24 Kangxi radical 139 不應觀色若常若無常
352 24 countenance 不應觀色若常若無常
353 24 scene; sight 不應觀色若常若無常
354 24 feminine charm; female beauty 不應觀色若常若無常
355 24 kind; type 不應觀色若常若無常
356 24 quality 不應觀色若常若無常
357 24 to be angry 不應觀色若常若無常
358 24 to seek; to search for 不應觀色若常若無常
359 24 lust; sexual desire 不應觀色若常若無常
360 24 form; rupa 不應觀色若常若無常
361 24 無上 wúshàng supreme ; unexcelled 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
362 24 菩提 pútí bodhi; enlightenment 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
363 24 菩提 pútí bodhi 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
364 24 菩提 pútí bodhi; enlightenment; awakening 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
365 24 色處 sèchù the visible realm 不應觀色處若常若無常
366 24 眼界 yǎn jiè sight; field of vision 不應觀眼界若常若無常
367 24 眼界 yǎn jiè eye element 不應觀眼界若常若無常
368 24 菩薩摩訶薩 púsà móhēsà bodhisattva mahāsattva 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
369 24 zhèng upright; straight 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
370 24 zhèng to straighten; to correct 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
371 24 zhèng main; central; primary 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
372 24 zhèng fundamental; original 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
373 24 zhèng precise; exact; accurate 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
374 24 zhèng at right angles 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
375 24 zhèng unbiased; impartial 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
376 24 zhèng true; correct; orthodox 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
377 24 zhèng unmixed; pure 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
378 24 zhèng positive (charge) 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
379 24 zhèng positive (number) 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
380 24 zhèng standard 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
381 24 zhèng chief; principal; primary 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
382 24 zhèng honest 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
383 24 zhèng to execute; to carry out 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
384 24 zhèng accepted; conventional 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
385 24 zhèng to govern 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
386 24 zhēng first month 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
387 24 zhēng center of a target 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
388 24 zhèng Righteous 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
389 24 zhèng right manner; nyāya 不應觀諸佛無上正等菩提若常若無常
390 24 chù a place; location; a spot; a point 不應觀眼處若常若無常
391 24 chǔ to reside; to live; to dwell 不應觀眼處若常若無常
392 24 chù an office; a department; a bureau 不應觀眼處若常若無常
393 24 chù a part; an aspect 不應觀眼處若常若無常
394 24 chǔ to be in; to be in a position of 不應觀眼處若常若無常
395 24 chǔ to get along with 不應觀眼處若常若無常
396 24 chǔ to deal with; to manage 不應觀眼處若常若無常
397 24 chǔ to punish; to sentence 不應觀眼處若常若無常
398 24 chǔ to stop; to pause 不應觀眼處若常若無常
399 24 chǔ to be associated with 不應觀眼處若常若無常
400 24 chǔ to situate; to fix a place for 不應觀眼處若常若無常
401 24 chǔ to occupy; to control 不應觀眼處若常若無常
402 24 chù circumstances; situation 不應觀眼處若常若無常
403 24 chù an occasion; a time 不應觀眼處若常若無常
404 24 chù position; sthāna 不應觀眼處若常若無常
405 20 shí knowledge; understanding 識若常若無常
406 20 shí to know; to be familiar with 識若常若無常
407 20 zhì to record 識若常若無常
408 20 shí thought; cognition 識若常若無常
409 20 shí to understand 識若常若無常
410 20 shí experience; common sense 識若常若無常
411 20 shí a good friend 識若常若無常
412 20 zhì to remember; to memorize 識若常若無常
413 20 zhì a label; a mark 識若常若無常
414 20 zhì an inscription 識若常若無常
415 20 shí vijnana; consciousness; mind; cognition 識若常若無常
416 20 法處 fǎchù mental objects 法處若常若無常
417 20 香界 xiāngjiè a Buddhist temple 不應觀香界
418 20 shēn human body; torso
419 20 shēn Kangxi radical 158
420 20 shēn self
421 20 shēn life
422 20 shēn an object
423 20 shēn a lifetime
424 20 shēn moral character
425 20 shēn status; identity; position
426 20 shēn pregnancy
427 20 juān India
428 20 shēn body; kāya
429 20 色界 sè jiè realm of form; rupadhatu 不應觀色界
430 20 色界 sè jiè dwelling in the realm of form; rūpāvacara 不應觀色界
431 20 意處 yìchù mental basis of cognition 意處若常若無常
432 20 一切 yīqiè temporary 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
433 20 一切 yīqiè the same 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
434 20 xiǎng to think
435 20 xiǎng to speculate; to suppose; to consider
436 20 xiǎng to want
437 20 xiǎng to remember; to miss; to long for
438 20 xiǎng to plan
439 20 xiǎng notion; perception; cognition; conceptualization; saṃjñā; samjna
440 20 xiāng fragrant; savory; appetizing; sweet; scented
441 20 xiāng incense
442 20 xiāng Kangxi radical 186
443 20 xiāng fragrance; scent
444 20 xiāng a female
445 20 xiāng Xiang
446 20 xiāng to kiss
447 20 xiāng feminine
448 20 xiāng incense
449 20 xiāng fragrance; gandha
450 19 善女人 shàn nǚrén good women 善女人等
451 19 善女人 shàn nǚrén a good woman; a daughter of a noble family 善女人等
452 18 宣說 xuānshuō to preach; to teach publicly; to teach classics or religious texts 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
453 18 宣說 xuānshuō instruct; upadiś 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
454 18 憍尸迦 jiāoshījiā Sakra; Sakka; Śakra Devānām Indra; Kauśika 憍尸迦
455 11 shuō to say; said; to speak; to talk; speaks 善女人等作此等說
456 11 yuè to relax; to enjoy; to be delighted 善女人等作此等說
457 11 shuì to persuade 善女人等作此等說
458 11 shuō to teach; to recite; to explain 善女人等作此等說
459 11 shuō a doctrine; a theory 善女人等作此等說
460 11 shuō to claim; to assert 善女人等作此等說
461 11 shuō allocution 善女人等作此等說
462 11 shuō to criticize; to scold 善女人等作此等說
463 11 shuō to indicate; to refer to 善女人等作此等說
464 11 shuō speach; vāda 善女人等作此等說
465 11 shuō to speak; bhāṣate 善女人等作此等說
466 11 shuō to instruct 善女人等作此等說
467 10 zhī to go 初分校量功德品第三十之六十
468 10 zhī to arrive; to go 初分校量功德品第三十之六十
469 10 zhī is 初分校量功德品第三十之六十
470 10 zhī to use 初分校量功德品第三十之六十
471 10 zhī Zhi 初分校量功德品第三十之六十
472 10 zhī winding 初分校量功德品第三十之六十
473 10 真正 zhēnzhèng real; true; genuine 是為宣說真正淨戒波羅蜜多
474 9 xīn heart [organ] 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
475 9 xīn Kangxi radical 61 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
476 9 xīn mind; consciousness 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
477 9 xīn the center; the core; the middle 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
478 9 xīn one of the 28 star constellations 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
479 9 xīn heart 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
480 9 xīn emotion 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
481 9 xīn intention; consideration 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
482 9 xīn disposition; temperament 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
483 9 xīn citta; thinking; thought; mind; mentality 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
484 9 xīn heart; hṛdaya 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
485 9 xīn Rohiṇī; Jyesthā 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
486 9 此等 cǐ děng they; eṣā 善女人等作此等說
487 9 hair 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
488 9 to send out; to issue; to emit; to radiate 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
489 9 to hand over; to deliver; to offer 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
490 9 to express; to show; to be manifest 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
491 9 to start out; to set off 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
492 9 to open 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
493 9 to requisition 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
494 9 to occur 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
495 9 to declare; to proclaim; to utter 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
496 9 to express; to give vent 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
497 9 to excavate 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
498 9 to develop; to cultivate; to grow; to bloom; to flower 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
499 9 to get rich 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
500 9 to rise; to expand; to inflate; to swell 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多

Frequencies of all Words

Top 771

Rank Frequency Chinese Pinyin English Usage
1 173 ruò to seem; to be like; as 若善男子
2 173 ruò seemingly 若善男子
3 173 ruò if 若善男子
4 173 ruò you 若善男子
5 173 ruò this; that 若善男子
6 173 ruò and; or 若善男子
7 173 ruò as for; pertaining to 若善男子
8 173 pomegranite 若善男子
9 173 ruò to choose 若善男子
10 173 ruò to agree; to accord with; to conform to 若善男子
11 173 ruò thus 若善男子
12 173 ruò pollia 若善男子
13 173 ruò Ruo 若善男子
14 173 ruò only then 若善男子
15 173 ja 若善男子
16 173 jñā 若善男子
17 173 ruò if; yadi 若善男子
18 164 自性 zìxìng Self-Nature 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
19 164 自性 zìxìng intrinsic nature; original nature; essential nature; svabhava 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
20 164 自性 zìxìng primordial matter; nature; prakṛti 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
21 145 shì is; are; am; to be 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
22 145 shì is exactly 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
23 145 shì is suitable; is in contrast 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
24 145 shì this; that; those 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
25 145 shì really; certainly 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
26 145 shì correct; yes; affirmative 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
27 145 shì true 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
28 145 shì is; has; exists 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
29 145 shì used between repetitions of a word 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
30 145 shì a matter; an affair 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
31 145 shì Shi 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
32 145 shì is; bhū 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
33 145 shì this; idam 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
34 136 jiè border; boundary 不應觀耳界若常若無常
35 136 jiè kingdom 不應觀耳界若常若無常
36 136 jiè circle; society 不應觀耳界若常若無常
37 136 jiè territory; region 不應觀耳界若常若無常
38 136 jiè the world 不應觀耳界若常若無常
39 136 jiè scope; extent 不應觀耳界若常若無常
40 136 jiè erathem; stratigraphic unit 不應觀耳界若常若無常
41 136 jiè to divide; to define a boundary 不應觀耳界若常若無常
42 136 jiè to adjoin 不應觀耳界若常若無常
43 136 jiè dhatu; realm; field; domain 不應觀耳界若常若無常
44 132 chù to touch; to feel
45 132 chù to butt; to ram; to gore
46 132 chù touch; contact; sparśa
47 132 chù tangible; spraṣṭavya
48 128 不可得 bù kě dé cannot be obtained 一切菩薩摩訶薩行不可得
49 128 不可得 bù kě dé unobtainable 一切菩薩摩訶薩行不可得
50 128 不可得 bù kě dé unattainable 一切菩薩摩訶薩行不可得
51 128 布施波羅蜜多 bùshī bōluómìduō dāna-pāramitā; the paramita of generosity 善女人等說無所得布施波羅蜜多名說真正布施波羅蜜多
52 108 xiū to decorate; to embellish 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
53 108 xiū to study; to cultivate 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
54 108 xiū to repair 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
55 108 xiū long; slender 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
56 108 xiū to write; to compile 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
57 108 xiū to build; to construct; to shape 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
58 108 xiū to practice 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
59 108 xiū to cut 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
60 108 xiū virtuous; wholesome 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
61 108 xiū a virtuous person 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
62 108 xiū Xiu 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
63 108 xiū to unknot 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
64 108 xiū to prepare; to put in order 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
65 108 xiū excellent 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
66 108 xiū to perform [a ceremony] 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
67 108 xiū Cultivation 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
68 108 xiū bhāvanā / spiritual cultivation 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
69 108 xiū pratipanna; spiritual practice 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
70 100 that; those 彼常無常亦不可得
71 100 another; the other 彼常無常亦不可得
72 100 that; tad 彼常無常亦不可得
73 100 shòu to suffer; to be subjected to 不應觀受
74 100 shòu to transfer; to confer 不應觀受
75 100 shòu to receive; to accept 不應觀受
76 100 shòu to tolerate 不應觀受
77 100 shòu suitably 不應觀受
78 100 shòu feelings; sensations 不應觀受
79 98 wèi for; to 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
80 98 wèi because of 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
81 98 wéi to act as; to serve 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
82 98 wéi to change into; to become 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
83 98 wéi to be; is 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
84 98 wéi to do 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
85 98 wèi for 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
86 98 wèi because of; for; to 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
87 98 wèi to 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
88 98 wéi in a passive construction 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
89 98 wéi forming a rehetorical question 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
90 98 wéi forming an adverb 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
91 98 wéi to add emphasis 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
92 98 wèi to support; to help 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
93 98 wéi to govern 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
94 98 wèi to be; bhū 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
95 92 also; too 彼常無常亦不可得
96 92 but 彼常無常亦不可得
97 92 this; he; she 彼常無常亦不可得
98 92 although; even though 彼常無常亦不可得
99 92 already 彼常無常亦不可得
100 92 particle with no meaning 彼常無常亦不可得
101 92 Yi 彼常無常亦不可得
102 81 zhū all; many; various 云何諸善男子
103 81 zhū Zhu 云何諸善男子
104 81 zhū all; members of the class 云何諸善男子
105 81 zhū interrogative particle 云何諸善男子
106 81 zhū him; her; them; it 云何諸善男子
107 81 zhū of; in 云何諸善男子
108 81 zhū all; many; sarva 云何諸善男子
109 80 所生 suǒ shēng parents 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
110 80 所生 suǒ shēng to give borth to 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
111 80 所生 suǒ shēng to beget 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
112 80 yuán fate; predestined affinity 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
113 80 yuán hem 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
114 80 yuán to revolve around 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
115 80 yuán because 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
116 80 yuán to climb up 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
117 80 yuán cause; origin; reason 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
118 80 yuán along; to follow 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
119 80 yuán to depend on 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
120 80 yuán margin; edge; rim 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
121 80 yuán Condition 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
122 80 yuán conditions; pratyaya; paccaya 眼觸為緣所生諸受若常若無常
123 72 nose
124 72 Kangxi radical 209
125 72 to smell
126 72 a grommet; an eyelet
127 72 to make a hole in an animal's nose
128 72 a handle
129 72 cape; promontory
130 72 first
131 72 nose; ghrāṇa
132 72 shé tongue
133 72 shé Kangxi radical 135
134 72 shé a tongue-shaped object
135 72 shé tongue; jihva
136 72 this; these 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
137 72 in this way 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
138 72 otherwise; but; however; so 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
139 72 at this time; now; here 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
140 72 this; here; etad 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
141 72 ěr ear 不應觀耳
142 72 ěr Kangxi radical 128 不應觀耳
143 72 ěr and that is all 不應觀耳
144 72 ěr an ear-shaped object 不應觀耳
145 72 ěr on both sides 不應觀耳
146 72 ěr a vessel handle 不應觀耳
147 72 ěr ear; śrotra 不應觀耳
148 72 you; thou 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
149 72 Ru River 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
150 72 Ru 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
151 72 you; tvam; bhavat 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
152 71 děng et cetera; and so on 善女人等
153 71 děng to wait 善女人等
154 71 děng degree; kind 善女人等
155 71 děng plural 善女人等
156 71 děng to be equal 善女人等
157 71 děng degree; level 善女人等
158 71 děng to compare 善女人等
159 71 děng same; equal; sama 善女人等
160 64 應觀 yīng guān may observe 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
161 64 自性空 zìxìng kōng The Intrinsically Empty Nature 一切菩薩摩訶薩行一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性空
162 64 自性空 zìxìng kōng emptiness of self-nature 一切菩薩摩訶薩行一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性空
163 64 自性空 zìxìng kōng svabhāva-śūnya; empty intrinsic nature 一切菩薩摩訶薩行一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性空
164 64 not; no 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
165 64 expresses that a certain condition cannot be acheived 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
166 64 as a correlative 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
167 64 no (answering a question) 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
168 64 forms a negative adjective from a noun 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
169 64 at the end of a sentence to form a question 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
170 64 to form a yes or no question 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
171 64 infix potential marker 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
172 64 no; na 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
173 55 善男子 shàn nánzi good men 若善男子
174 55 善男子 shàn nánzi a good man; a son of a noble family 若善男子
175 52 yǎn eye 不應觀眼處若常若無常
176 52 yǎn measure word for wells 不應觀眼處若常若無常
177 52 yǎn eyeball 不應觀眼處若常若無常
178 52 yǎn sight 不應觀眼處若常若無常
179 52 yǎn the present moment 不應觀眼處若常若無常
180 52 yǎn an opening; a small hole 不應觀眼處若常若無常
181 52 yǎn a trap 不應觀眼處若常若無常
182 52 yǎn insight 不應觀眼處若常若無常
183 52 yǎn a salitent point 不應觀眼處若常若無常
184 52 yǎn a beat with no accent 不應觀眼處若常若無常
185 52 yǎn to look; to glance 不應觀眼處若常若無常
186 52 yǎn to see proof 不應觀眼處若常若無常
187 52 yǎn eye; cakṣus 不應觀眼處若常若無常
188 52 and 何況有彼常與無常
189 52 to give 何況有彼常與無常
190 52 together with 何況有彼常與無常
191 52 interrogative particle 何況有彼常與無常
192 52 to accompany 何況有彼常與無常
193 52 to particate in 何況有彼常與無常
194 52 of the same kind 何況有彼常與無常
195 52 to help 何況有彼常與無常
196 52 for 何況有彼常與無常
197 52 and; ca 何況有彼常與無常
198 48 乃至 nǎizhì and even 眼觸為緣所生諸受色界乃至眼觸為緣所生諸受自性空
199 48 乃至 nǎizhì as much as; yavat 眼觸為緣所生諸受色界乃至眼觸為緣所生諸受自性空
200 45 zuò to do 作如是言
201 45 zuò to act as; to serve as 作如是言
202 45 zuò to start 作如是言
203 45 zuò a writing; a work 作如是言
204 45 zuò to dress as; to be disguised as 作如是言
205 45 zuō to create; to make 作如是言
206 45 zuō a workshop 作如是言
207 45 zuō to write; to compose 作如是言
208 45 zuò to rise 作如是言
209 45 zuò to be aroused 作如是言
210 45 zuò activity; action; undertaking 作如是言
211 45 zuò to regard as 作如是言
212 45 zuò action; kāraṇa 作如是言
213 45 如是 rúshì thus; so 作如是言
214 45 如是 rúshì thus, so 作如是言
215 45 如是 rúshì thus; evam 作如是言
216 45 如是 rúshì of such a form; evaṃrūpa 作如是言
217 44 淨戒 jìngjiè Pure Precepts 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
218 44 淨戒 jìngjiè perfect observance 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
219 44 淨戒 jìngjiè Jing Jie 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
220 41 I; me; my 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
221 41 self 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
222 41 we; our 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
223 41 [my] dear 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
224 41 Wo 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
225 41 self; atman; attan 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
226 41 ga 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
227 41 I; aham 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
228 41 happy; glad; cheerful; joyful 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
229 41 to take joy in; to be happy; to be cheerful 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
230 41 Le 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
231 41 yuè music 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
232 41 yuè a musical instrument 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
233 41 yuè tone [of voice]; expression 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
234 41 yuè a musician 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
235 41 joy; pleasure 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
236 41 yuè the Book of Music 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
237 41 lào Lao 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
238 41 to laugh 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
239 41 Joy 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
240 41 joy; delight; sukhā 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
241 41 jìng clean 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
242 41 jìng no surplus; net 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
243 41 jìng only 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
244 41 jìng pure 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
245 41 jìng tranquil 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
246 41 jìng cold 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
247 41 jìng to wash; to clense 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
248 41 jìng role of hero 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
249 41 jìng completely 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
250 41 jìng to remove sexual desire 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
251 41 jìng bright and clean; luminous 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
252 41 jìng clean; pure 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
253 41 jìng cleanse 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
254 41 jìng cleanse 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
255 41 jìng Pure 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
256 41 jìng vyavadāna; purification; cleansing 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
257 41 jìng śuddha; cleansed; clean; pure 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
258 41 jìng viśuddhi; purity 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
259 41 cháng always; ever; often; frequently; constantly 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
260 41 cháng Chang 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
261 41 cháng long-lasting 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
262 41 cháng common; general; ordinary 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
263 41 cháng a principle; a rule 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
264 41 cháng eternal; nitya 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
265 41 無我 wúwǒ non-self 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
266 41 無我 wúwǒ non-self; anātman; anattā 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若我若無我
267 41 無常 wúcháng irregular 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
268 41 無常 wúcháng changing frequently 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
269 41 無常 wúcháng impermanence 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
270 41 無常 wúcháng impermanence; anitya; anicca 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
271 41 bitterness; bitter flavor 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
272 41 hardship; suffering 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
273 41 to make things difficult for 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
274 41 to train; to practice 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
275 41 to suffer from a misfortune 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
276 41 bitter 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
277 41 grieved; facing hardship 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
278 41 in low spirits; depressed 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
279 41 assiduously; to do one's best; to strive as much as possible 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
280 41 painful 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
281 41 suffering; duḥkha; dukkha 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若樂若苦
282 41 不淨 bù jìng Impurity; dirty; filthy 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若淨若不淨
283 40 shēng sound 不應觀聲
284 40 shēng a measure word for sound (times) 不應觀聲
285 40 shēng sheng 不應觀聲
286 40 shēng voice 不應觀聲
287 40 shēng music 不應觀聲
288 40 shēng language 不應觀聲
289 40 shēng fame; reputation; honor 不應觀聲
290 40 shēng a message 不應觀聲
291 40 shēng an utterance 不應觀聲
292 40 shēng a consonant 不應觀聲
293 40 shēng a tone 不應觀聲
294 40 shēng to announce 不應觀聲
295 40 shēng sound 不應觀聲
296 40 wèi taste; flavor
297 40 wèi measure word for ingredients in Chinese medicine
298 40 wèi significance
299 40 wèi to taste
300 40 wèi to ruminate; to mull over
301 40 wèi smell; odor
302 40 wèi a delicacy
303 40 wèi taste; rasa
304 40 xíng to walk 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
305 40 xíng capable; competent 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
306 40 háng profession 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
307 40 háng line; row 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
308 40 xíng Kangxi radical 144 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
309 40 xíng to travel 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
310 40 xìng actions; conduct 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
311 40 xíng to do; to act; to practice 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
312 40 xíng all right; OK; okay 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
313 40 háng horizontal line 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
314 40 héng virtuous deeds 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
315 40 hàng a line of trees 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
316 40 hàng bold; steadfast 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
317 40 xíng to move 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
318 40 xíng to put into effect; to implement 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
319 40 xíng travel 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
320 40 xíng to circulate 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
321 40 xíng running script; running script 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
322 40 xíng temporary 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
323 40 xíng soon 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
324 40 háng rank; order 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
325 40 háng a business; a shop 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
326 40 xíng to depart; to leave 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
327 40 xíng to experience 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
328 40 xíng path; way 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
329 40 xíng xing; ballad 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
330 40 xíng a round [of drinks] 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
331 40 xíng Xing 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
332 40 xíng moreover; also 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
333 40 xíng Practice 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
334 40 xìng mental formations; samskara; sankhara; volition; habitual actions 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
335 40 xíng practice; carita; carya; conduct; behavior 不應觀一切菩薩摩訶薩行若常若無常
336 37 yán to speak; to say; said 作如是言
337 37 yán language; talk; words; utterance; speech 作如是言
338 37 yán Kangxi radical 149 作如是言
339 37 yán a particle with no meaning 作如是言
340 37 yán phrase; sentence 作如是言
341 37 yán a word; a syllable 作如是言
342 37 yán a theory; a doctrine 作如是言
343 37 yán to regard as 作如是言
344 37 yán to act as 作如是言
345 37 yán word; vacana 作如是言
346 37 yán speak; vad 作如是言
347 36 若非 ruò fēi were it not for; if not for 若非自性即是淨戒波羅蜜多
348 36 can; may; permissible 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
349 36 but 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
350 36 such; so 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
351 36 able to; possibly 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
352 36 to approve; to permit 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
353 36 to be worth 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
354 36 to suit; to fit 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
355 36 khan 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
356 36 to recover 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
357 36 to act as 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
358 36 to be worth; to deserve 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
359 36 approximately; probably 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
360 36 expresses doubt 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
361 36 really; truely 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
362 36 used to add emphasis 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
363 36 beautiful 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
364 36 Ke 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
365 36 used to ask a question 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
366 36 can; may; śakta 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
367 36 即非 jí fēi although it is not the case that ... 是一切菩薩摩訶薩行自性即非自性
368 36 何況 hékuàng much less; let alone 何況有彼常與無常
369 36 何況 hékuàng needless to say; punarvāda 何況有彼常與無常
370 36 de potential marker 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
371 36 to obtain; to get; to gain; to attain; to win 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
372 36 děi must; ought to 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
373 36 děi to want to; to need to 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
374 36 děi must; ought to 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
375 36 de 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
376 36 de infix potential marker 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
377 36 to result in 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
378 36 to be proper; to fit; to suit 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
379 36 to be satisfied 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
380 36 to be finished 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
381 36 de result of degree 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
382 36 de marks completion of an action 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
383 36 děi satisfying 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
384 36 to contract 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
385 36 marks permission or possibility 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
386 36 expressing frustration 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
387 36 to hear 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
388 36 to have; there is 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
389 36 marks time passed 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
390 36 obtain; attain; prāpta 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
391 36 purposely; intentionally; deliberately; knowingly 何以故
392 36 old; ancient; former; past 何以故
393 36 reason; cause; purpose 何以故
394 36 to die 何以故
395 36 so; therefore; hence 何以故
396 36 original 何以故
397 36 accident; happening; instance 何以故
398 36 a friend; an acquaintance; friendship 何以故
399 36 something in the past 何以故
400 36 deceased; dead 何以故
401 36 still; yet 何以故
402 36 therefore; tasmāt 何以故
403 36 yǒu is; are; to exist 何況有彼常與無常
404 36 yǒu to have; to possess 何況有彼常與無常
405 36 yǒu indicates an estimate 何況有彼常與無常
406 36 yǒu indicates a large quantity 何況有彼常與無常
407 36 yǒu indicates an affirmative response 何況有彼常與無常
408 36 yǒu a certain; used before a person, time, or place 何況有彼常與無常
409 36 yǒu used to compare two things 何況有彼常與無常
410 36 yǒu used in a polite formula before certain verbs 何況有彼常與無常
411 36 yǒu used before the names of dynasties 何況有彼常與無常
412 36 yǒu a certain thing; what exists 何況有彼常與無常
413 36 yǒu multiple of ten and ... 何況有彼常與無常
414 36 yǒu abundant 何況有彼常與無常
415 36 yǒu purposeful 何況有彼常與無常
416 36 yǒu You 何況有彼常與無常
417 36 yǒu 1. existence; 2. becoming 何況有彼常與無常
418 36 yǒu becoming; bhava 何況有彼常與無常
419 36 波羅蜜多 bōluómìduō paramita; perfection 為發無上菩提心者宣說淨戒波羅蜜多
420 36 yīng should; ought 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
421 36 yìng to answer; to respond 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
422 36 yìng to confirm; to verify 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
423 36 yīng soon; immediately 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
424 36 yìng to be worthy of; to correspond to; suitable 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
425 36 yìng to accept 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
426 36 yīng or; either 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
427 36 yìng to permit; to allow 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
428 36 yìng to echo 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
429 36 yìng to handle; to deal with 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
430 36 yìng Ying 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
431 36 yīng suitable; yukta 汝善男子應修淨戒波羅蜜多
432 36 in; at 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
433 36 in; at 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
434 36 in; at; to; from 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
435 36 to go; to 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
436 36 to rely on; to depend on 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
437 36 to go to; to arrive at 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
438 36 from 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
439 36 give 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
440 36 oppposing 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
441 36 and 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
442 36 compared to 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
443 36 by 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
444 36 and; as well as 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
445 36 for 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
446 36 Yu 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
447 36 a crow 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
448 36 whew; wow 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
449 36 near to; antike 於此淨戒波羅蜜多
450 36 所以者何 suǒ yǐ zhě hé Why is that? 所以者何
451 36 何以 héyǐ why 何以故
452 36 何以 héyǐ how 何以故
453 36 何以 héyǐ how is that? 何以故
454 36 尚無 shàng wú not yet; not so far 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
455 36 néng can; able 汝若能修如是淨戒
456 36 néng ability; capacity 汝若能修如是淨戒
457 36 néng a mythical bear-like beast 汝若能修如是淨戒
458 36 néng energy 汝若能修如是淨戒
459 36 néng function; use 汝若能修如是淨戒
460 36 néng may; should; permitted to 汝若能修如是淨戒
461 36 néng talent 汝若能修如是淨戒
462 36 néng expert at 汝若能修如是淨戒
463 36 néng to be in harmony 汝若能修如是淨戒
464 36 néng to tend to; to care for 汝若能修如是淨戒
465 36 néng to reach; to arrive at 汝若能修如是淨戒
466 36 néng as long as; only 汝若能修如是淨戒
467 36 néng even if 汝若能修如是淨戒
468 36 néng but 汝若能修如是淨戒
469 36 néng in this way 汝若能修如是淨戒
470 36 néng to be able; śak 汝若能修如是淨戒
471 36 néng skilful; pravīṇa 汝若能修如是淨戒
472 36 即是 jíshì namely; exactly 若非自性即是淨戒波羅蜜多
473 36 即是 jíshì such as; in this way 若非自性即是淨戒波羅蜜多
474 36 即是 jíshì thus; in this way; tathā 若非自性即是淨戒波羅蜜多
475 36 zhōng middle 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
476 36 zhōng medium; medium sized 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
477 36 zhōng China 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
478 36 zhòng to hit the mark 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
479 36 zhōng in; amongst 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
480 36 zhōng midday 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
481 36 zhōng inside 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
482 36 zhōng during 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
483 36 zhōng Zhong 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
484 36 zhōng intermediary 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
485 36 zhōng half 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
486 36 zhōng just right; suitably 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
487 36 zhōng while 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
488 36 zhòng to reach; to attain 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
489 36 zhòng to suffer; to infect 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
490 36 zhòng to obtain 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
491 36 zhòng to pass an exam 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
492 36 zhōng middle 此中尚無一切菩薩摩訶薩行可得
493 32 to reach 眼識界及眼觸
494 32 and 眼識界及眼觸
495 32 coming to; when 眼識界及眼觸
496 32 to attain 眼識界及眼觸
497 32 to understand 眼識界及眼觸
498 32 able to be compared to; to catch up with 眼識界及眼觸
499 32 to be involved with; to associate with 眼識界及眼觸
500 32 passing of a feudal title from elder to younger brother 眼識界及眼觸

Keywords

Top keywords ordered by frequency in comparison to occurrence across the entire corpus

Simplified Traditional Pinyin English
  1. ruò
  1. ja
  2. jñā
  3. if; yadi
自性
  1. zìxìng
  2. zìxìng
  3. zìxìng
  1. Self-Nature
  2. intrinsic nature; original nature; essential nature; svabhava
  3. primordial matter; nature; prakṛti
  1. shì
  2. shì
  1. is; bhū
  2. this; idam
jiè dhatu; realm; field; domain
  1. chù
  2. chù
  1. touch; contact; sparśa
  2. tangible; spraṣṭavya
不可得
  1. bù kě dé
  2. bù kě dé
  1. unobtainable
  2. unattainable
布施波罗蜜多 布施波羅蜜多 bùshī bōluómìduō dāna-pāramitā; the paramita of generosity
  1. xiū
  2. xiū
  3. xiū
  1. Cultivation
  2. bhāvanā / spiritual cultivation
  3. pratipanna; spiritual practice
that; tad
shòu feelings; sensations

People, places

and other proper nouns

Simplified Traditional Pinyin English
大般若波罗蜜经 大般若波羅蜜多經 100 The Large Sutra Perfection of Wisdom; Mahāprajñāpāramitāsūtra
憍尸迦 106 Sakra; Sakka; Śakra Devānām Indra; Kauśika
三藏法师 三藏法師 115 Venerable Xuanzang; Tripiṭaka
世尊 115
  1. World-Honored One
  2. World-Honored One; Bhagavat; lokanātha
天帝释 天帝釋 116 Sakra; Sakka; Sakra Devānām Indra; Kausika
玄奘 120
  1. Xuanzang; Hsuan-Tsang
  2. Xuanzang; Hsuan-Tsang

Glossary

Buddhist terminology, except the proper nouns listed above. Number of terms: 30.

Simplified Traditional Pinyin English
白佛 98 to address the Buddha
鼻识 鼻識 98 sense of smell
波罗蜜多 波羅蜜多 98 paramita; perfection
不净 不淨 98 Impurity; dirty; filthy
布施 98
  1. generosity
  2. dana; giving; generosity
布施波罗蜜多 布施波羅蜜多 98 dāna-pāramitā; the paramita of generosity
此等 99 they; eṣā
耳识 耳識 196 auditory consciousness; śrotravijñāna
法处 法處 102 mental objects
佛言 102
  1. the Buddha said
  2. buddhavacana; the teachings of the Buddha
净戒 淨戒 106
  1. Pure Precepts
  2. perfect observance
  3. Jing Jie
卷第一 106 scroll 1
兰若 蘭若 108
  1. Aranya
  2. a forest retreat; a secluded place to practice; aranya
  3. temple; monastery
菩萨摩诃萨 菩薩摩訶薩 112 bodhisattva mahāsattva
色界 115
  1. realm of form; rupadhatu
  2. dwelling in the realm of form; rūpāvacara
色处 色處 115 the visible realm
善男子 115
  1. good men
  2. a good man; a son of a noble family
善女人 115
  1. good women
  2. a good woman; a daughter of a noble family
舌识 舌識 115 sense of taste
所以者何 115 Why is that?
无所得 無所得 119 nothing to be attained
无上菩提 無上菩提 119
  1. Supreme Bodhi
  2. samyaksaṃbodhi; unsurpassed complete perfect enlightenment; supreme bodhi
香界 120 a Buddhist temple
行一 120 equivalence of all forms of practice
眼识界 眼識界 121 visual consciousness element
意处 意處 121 mental basis of cognition
应观 應觀 121 may observe
诸佛 諸佛 122 Buddhas; all Buddhas
自性 122
  1. Self-Nature
  2. intrinsic nature; original nature; essential nature; svabhava
  3. primordial matter; nature; prakṛti
自性空 122
  1. The Intrinsically Empty Nature
  2. emptiness of self-nature
  3. svabhāva-śūnya; empty intrinsic nature